Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Patients at an Anxiety Clinic in Puerto Rico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v5i1.5527Palabras clave:
anxiety clinic, database, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, Puerto RicoResumen
Specialized evidence-based clinics are available for psychological trauma treatment. Data from patients in these clinics must be analyzed in order to better understand this population. In this study, we described the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients from an evidence-based, anxiety disorder treatment/research center, located in the metropolitan area of Puerto Rico: The Center for the study of Fear and Anxiety (known by its Spanish acronym, CETMA). We performed a secondary data analysis of CETMA database, with data from the multidimensional evaluation, performed at the initial screening interview. We identified 35 patients with a preliminary diagnosis of PTSD. Patients with PTSD were mostly women, between 19-30 years, single, employed, with a completed bachelor’s degree. Also, they had 2-4 diagnoses, the most common comorbidity was generalized anxiety disorder. They reported a previous psychiatric history of PTSD, depression, and panic attacks. On average, patients received 1-15 therapeutic sessions. Findings highlight the need for educating and disseminating these services to the public, a population with an increased risk for PTSD.
Citas
Bahamonde, M. E. (2006). Experiencias traumáticas y sintomatología de trastorno de estrés post traumático en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios [Traumatic experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptomatology in a sample of college students]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Puerto Rico.
Bovin, M. J., Wells, S. Y., Rasmusson, A., Hayes, J., & Resick, P. A. (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder. In P. Emmelkamp & T. Ehring (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders (pp. 457-496). Wiley.
Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998).
Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 626–632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626
Chen Chang, J., Ming-Fang, A., Li-Sheng S., Yueh, S., Ching, J., & Shoun Lee. (2017). Cormorbid diseases as risk factors for incident PTSD in a large community cohort. Nature Scientific Reports, 7(41276), 1-8. https:// DOI: 10.1038/srep41276
Frueh, B. C., Grubaugh, A. L., Madan, A., Neer, S. M., Elhai, J., & Beidel, D. C. (2018). Evidence based practice for posttraumatic stress disorder. In D. David, S. J. Lynn & G. H. Mostgomery (Eds.), Evidence-based psychotherapy (pp. 157-188). Wiley.
Gabalawy, R., Blaney, C., Tsai, C., Sumner, J. A., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2018). Physical health conditions associated with full and subthreshold PTSD in U.S. military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227 (2018), 849-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.058
Ginzburg, K., Ein-Dor, T., & Solomon, Z. (2010). Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression: a 20-year longitudinal study of war veterans. Journal of Affective Disorders, 123, 249-257.
González Barrios, P., Morales-Rodríguez, C. M., Lampón, A., González, R., Martínez, K. (2016). Dimensional assessment of anxiety in Puerto Rican patients: evaluating applicability of psychological questionnaires. Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal, 35(3), 134-141.
Imel, Z. E., Laska, K., Jakcupcak, M., Simpson, T. L. (2013). Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81(3), 394-404. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031474
Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012
Kilpatrick, D. G., Badour, C. L., & Resnick, H. S. (2017). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics. (2017). In S. N. Gold (Ed.), APA handbook of trauma psychology (69-85). American Psychological Association.
Kimerling, R., Allen, M.C. & Duncan, L.E. (2018). Chromosomes to Social Contexts: Sex and Gender Differences in PTSD. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20 (114), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0981-0
Kitsmiller, E. (2017). Health behaviors in military veterans with and without PTSD.
Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Central Florida. Florida, United
States.
Kurz, J. (2015). Improving utilization of and adherence to treatment for post-trauamtic stress disorder among U.S. servicemembers and veterans. [Doctoral dissertation, Pardee Rand Graduate School]. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD300/RGSD360/RAND_RGSD360.pdf
Lewis, C., Roberts, N., Gibson, S., Bisson, J. L. (2020). Dropout from psychological therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults: systematic review and metaanalysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1707709), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1709709
Lewis, C., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Starling, E., & Bisson, J. I. (2020). Psychological therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 172-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1729633
Liddon, L., Kingerlee, R., & Barry, J.A. (2018). Gender differences in preferences for psychological treatment, coping strategies, and triggers to help-seeking. Journal of Counseling, (2018), 31-38. https://DOI:10.1111/bjc.12147
Magruder, K.M., McLaughlin, K.A., Elmore, D.L. (2017). Trauma is a public health issue. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 8(1), ¬1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1375338
Orengo-Aguayo, R., Stewart, R. W., de Arellano, M., Suárez-Kindy, J. L., & Young, Y. (2019). Disaster exposure and mental health among Puerto Rican youth after hurricane Maria. JAMA Network Open, 2(4), 1-10. https://doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.2619
Overstreet, C., Berenz, E. C., Sheerin, C., Amstadter, A. B., Canino, G., & Silberg, J. (2016). Potentially traumatic events, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression among adults in Puerto Rico. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000168
Scaramutti, C., Salas-Wright, C. P., Vos, S. R., & Schwartz, S. J. (2019). The mental health impact of hurricane Maria on Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and Florida. Disaster Medicine & Public Health Preparedness, 13(1), 24.27.
Souto de Castro Longo, M., Pereira Vilete, L. M., Figueira, I., Quintana, M. I., Feijó Mello, M., Bressand, R. A., Mari, J., Silva Ribeiro, W., Baxter, S., Silva Freire, E. (2020). Comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder: A population-based study from two largest cities in Brazil. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 715-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.051
Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., van Hemert, A. M., Rooji, Mark de, Elzinga, B. M. (2014). Comorbidity of PTSD in anxiety and depressive disorders: Prevalence and shared risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1320-1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.017
Subervi, A., Rodríguez-Arroyo, M., Alvarado, J., Roche-Miranda, M. I., Martínez, K. G. (2020, May 29th). Evaluating ataque de nervios amongst patients at CETMA anxiety clinics. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/project/Evaluating-Ataque-de-Nervios-amongst-patients-at-CETMA-anxiety-clinics
Tarrier, N., Gregg, L. (2004). Suicide risk in civilian PTSD patients. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39(8), 655-661.
United States Census Bureau. (2019, September). Poverty in Puerto Rico. Retrieved August 3, 2020, from: https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/09/puerto-rico-outmigration-increasespovertydeclines.html#:~:text=The%20poverty%20rate%20in%20Puerto,state%20poverty%20rates%20in%202018.
United States Census Bureau. (n.d.). Quick facts: Puerto Rico. Retrieved August 17th, 2020, from: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/PR
Valentine, S. E., Marques, L., Wang, Y., Ahles, E. M., DeSilva, D., & Alegría, M. (2019). Gender differences in exposure to potentially traumatic events and diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by racial and ethnic group. General Hospital Psychiatry, 61, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.10.008
Vera, M., Juarbe, D., Hernandez, N., Oben, A., Perez-Pedrogo, C., & Chaplin, W. F. (2012). Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychiatric Co-morbidity among Latino Primary Care Patients in Puerto Rico. Journal of Depression & Anxiety, 1(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000124
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Marie Torres-Valentin, Karen G. Martínez-González , Alfonso Martínez-Taboas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
