La Asociación que el Uso de Videojuegos tiene con el Aprovechamiento Académico y la Agresión de Estudiantes Universitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v6i1.6251Keywords:
videojuegos, aprovechamiento académico, estudiantes universitarios, agresiónAbstract
Este estudio examinó la asociación que tiene el uso de videojuegos con el rendimiento académico y la agresión de una muestra de 173 estudiantes universitarios. Los investigadores utilizaron un diseño transversal con muestreo por conveniencia a través de una encuesta en línea. Para el primer objetivo, los investigadores desarrollaron un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple que incluía las variables de uso de videojuegos, situación laboral y horas trabajadas como predictores del promedio académico de los estudiantes. El modelo predijo significativamente el cinco por ciento de la varianza relacionada a las calificaciones de los estudiantes, F(3, 167) = 3,13, p < 0,05, = 0.05. A pesar de esto, el único predictor significativo fue el tiempo dedicado a jugar videojuegos. Los resultados sigieren que el uso de videojuegos tuvo un efecto pequeño y negativo en el aprovechamiento académico de los estudiantes encuestados. El segundo objetivo exploro a través de una correlación de Pearson la relación entre el uso de videojuegos violentos y la Escala de Agresión de Buss and Perry. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que no existe una correlación significativa entre el uso de juegos violentos y la agresión r (157) = .10, p = .23. En conclusión, el uso de videojuegos tuvo un efecto pequeño y negativo en el rendimiento académico de los participantes del estudio, pero no en su agresión.
References
Anand, V. (2007). A study of time management: The Correlation between video game usage and Academic performance markers. Cyberpsychology and Behavior,10(4),552-559. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9991
Anderson, C. A. (2004). An update on the effects of playing vio-lent video games. Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.009
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Sci-ence, 12(5), 353-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00366
Anderson, C., & Dill, K. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 772-790. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.772
Anderson, C. A., Shibuya, A., Ihori, N., Swing, E. L., Bushman, B. J., Sakamoto, A., Rothstein, H.R., & Saleem, M. (2010). Violent video game effects on aggression, empathy, and prosocial be-havior in eastern and western countries: a meta-analytic re-view. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018251
Anderson, C., & Dill, K. (2000). Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 772–790. https://doi.org/10.1037/O022-3514.78.4.772
American Psychological Association. (2020). "APA Resolution on Violent Video Games”. https://www.apa.org/about/policy/resolution-violent-video-games.pdf
Bowers, A. J., & Berland, M. (2013). Does recreational computer use affect high school achievement?. Educational Technology Research and Development, 61(1), 51-69. https://doi:10.1007/s11423-012-9274-1
Boxer, P., Groves, C. L., & Docherty, M. (2015). Video games do indeed influence children and adolescents' aggression, proso-cial behavior, and academic performance: A clearer reading of Ferguson (2015). Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(5), 671-673. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615592239
Brunborg, G. S., Mentzoni, R. A., & Frøyland, L. R. (2014). Is video gaming, or video game addiction, associated with depression, academic achievement, heavy episodic drinking, or conduct problems? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.3.2014.002
Burgess, S., Stermer, S.P., & Burgess, M. (2012). Video Game Play-ing and Academic Performance in College Students. College Student Journal, 46(2), 376-387.
Chen, V. H. H., Wilhelm, C., & Joeckel, S. (2020). Relating video game exposure, sensation seeking, aggression, and socioeco-nomic factors to school performance. Behaviour & Information Technology, 39(9), 957-969. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1634762
Concepcion, L., Nales-Torres, M., Rodriguez-Zubiaurre, A. (2016). The Relationship between Videogame Use, Deviant Behavior, and Academic Achievement among a Nationally Representa-tive Sample of High School Seniors in the United States. American Journal of Educational Research, 4(16), 1157-1163. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-4-16-6
DeCamp, W., & Ferguson, C. J. (2016). The Impact of Degree of Exposure to Violent Video Games, Family Background, and Other Factors on Youth Violence. Journal of Youth and Adoles-cence, 46(2), 388–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0561-8
Drummond, A., & Sauer, J. D. (2014). Video-Games Do Not Neg-atively Impact Adolescent Academic Performance in Science, Mathematics or Reading. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e87943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087943
Essential Facts About The Video Game Industry. (2021, July). Re-trieved from https://www.theesa.com/
Ferguson, C. J. (2015). Do angry birds make for angry children? A meta-analysis of video game influences on children's and adolescents' aggression, mental health, prosocial behavior, and academic performance. Perspectives On Psychological Sci-ence, 10(5), 646-666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615592234
Ferguson, C. J., & Kilburn, J. (2010). Much ado about nothing: The misestimation and overinterpretation of violent video game effects in Eastern and Western nations: Comment on Anderson et al. (2010). Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 174–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018566
Fitzgerald, D. (2021, April 8). 2020 Essential Facts About the Vid-eo Game Industry. https://www.theesa.com/resource/2020-essential-facts/
Gnambs, T., Stasielowicz, L., Wolter, I., & Appel, M. (2020). Do computer games jeopardize educational outcomes? A pro-spective study on gaming times and academic achievement. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000204
Greitemeyer, T. (2018). The spreading impact of playing violent video games on aggression. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 216-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.11.022
Hamlen, K. (2013, March). Video game strategies: Better predic-tors of GPA than homework strategies?. In Society for Infor-mation Technology & Teacher Education International Con-ference (pp. 2115-2117). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved online from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/48415
Hasan, Y., Bègue, L., Scharkow, M., & Bushman, B. J. (2013). The more you play, the more aggressive you become: A long-term experimental study of cumulative violent video game effects on hostile expectations and aggressive behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(2), 224-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.016
Hartanto, A., Toh, W.X., & Yang, H. (2018). Context counts: The different implications of weekday and weekend video gam-ing for academic performance in mathematics, reading, and science. Computers & Education, 120, 51-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.12.007
Hilgard, J., Engelhardt, C. R., & Rouder, J. N. (2017). Overstated evidence for short-term effects of violent games on affect and behavior: A reanalysis of Anderson et al. (2010). Psycho-logical Bulletin, 143(7), 757–774. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000074
Hilgard, J., Engelhardt, C. R., Rouder, J. N., Segert, I. L., & Bar-tholow, B. D. (2019). Null Effects of Game Violence, Game Difficulty, and 2D:4D Digit Ratio on Aggressive Behavior. Psychological Science, 30(4), 606–616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619829688
Kepes, S., Bushman, B., & Anderson, C. (2017). Violent Video Game Effects Remain a Societal Concern: Reply to Hilgard, Engelhart, and Rouder. Psychological Bulletin, 143(7), 775-782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000112
Ku, C. H., Kwak, M., Yurov, K., & Yurova, Y. (2014). A Study of the Influence of Gaming Behavior on Academic Performance of I.T. College Students. Paper presented at Twentieth Americas Conference on Information Systems, Savannah, GA (pp. 1-11). https://scholar.utc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1197&context=mps
Kühn, S., Gallinat, J., & Mascherek, A. (2019). Effects of computer gaming on cognition, brain structure, and function: a critical reflection on existing literature. Dialogues in clinical neurosci-ence, 21(3), 319–330. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/skuehn
Li Y. (2022). Linking violent video games to cyberaggression among college students: A cross-sectional study. Aggressive be-havior, 48(2), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.22002
Limelight Networks. (2020, March 9). THE STATE OF ONLINE GAMING – 2020. The State of Online Gaming–2020. https://www.limelight.com/resources/white-paper/state-of-online-gam-ing2020/#:~:text=Video%20gamers%20spend%20an%20average,than%2012%20hours%20a%20week
Jones, S. (2003, July 6). Let the games begin: Gaming technology and college students. Washington, DC, USA. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2003/07/06/gaming-comes-of-age/
López-Fernández, F. J., Mezquita, L., Etkin, P., Griffiths, M. D., Ortet, G., & Ibáñez, M. I. (2020). The Role of Violent Video Game Exposure, Personality, and Deviant Peers in Aggressive Behaviors Among Adolescents: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24 (1). https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0030
Prescott, A. T., Sargent, J. D., & Hull, J. G. (2018). Meta-Analysis of the relationship between violent video gameplay and physical aggression over time. Proceedings of the National Acad-emy of Sciences, 115(40), 9882–9888. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611617114
Sahin, M., Gumus, Y. Y., & Dincel, S. (2014). Game addiction and academic achievement. Educational Psychology, 36(9), 1533-1543. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2014.972342
Sherry, J. (2001). The effects of violent video games on aggres-sion. Human Communication Research, 27(3), 409–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00787.x
Stinebrickner, T., & Stinebrickner, R. (2007). The Causal Effect of Studying on Academic Performance. National Bureau of Eco-nomic Research, 1-42. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w13341/w13341.pdf
Teng, Z., Nie, Q., Guo, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, Y., & Bushman, B. J. (2019). A longitudinal study of the link between exposure to violent video games and aggression in Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of moral disengagement. Developmental Psychology, 55(1), 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000624
Terry, M., & Malik, A. (2018). Video Gaming as a Factor That Affects Academic Performance in Grade Nine. Online Submis-sion. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED583492
Tessema, M. T., Ready, K. J., & Astani, M. (2014). Does a part-time job affect college students' satisfaction and academic perfor-mance (GPA)? The case of a mid-sized public universi-ty. International Journal of Business Administration, 5(2), 50.
Virtual Violence. (2016). Pediatrics, 138(2), e20161298. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1298
Weis, R., & Cerankosky, B. C. (2010). Effects of video-game own-ership on young boys' academic and behavioral functioning: A randomized, controlled study. Psychological Science, 21(4), 463-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610362670
Wijman, T. (2021, May 6). Global Games Market to Generate $175.8 Billion in 2021; Despite a Slight Decline, the Market Is on Track to Surpass $200 Billion in 2023. https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/global-games-market-to-generate-175-8-billion-in-2021-despite-a-slight-decline-the-market-is-on-track-to-surpass-200-billion-in-2023/
Wright, J. (2011). The effects of video gameplay on academic performance. Modern Psychological Studies, 17(1), 36-44. https://scholar.utc.edu/mps/vol17/iss1/6
Yao, M., Zhou, Y., Li, J., & Gao, X. (2019). Violent video games exposure and aggression: The role of moral disengagement, anger, hostility, and disinhibition. Aggressive Behavior, 45(6), 662-670. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21860
Yeh, D.Y., & Cheng, C.H. (2016). Relationships among Taiwanese children's computer game use, academic achievement, and parental governing approach. Research in Education, 95(1), 44-60. https://doi.org/10.7227/RIE.0025
Zhang, Q., Cao, Y., & Tian, J. (2021). Effects of violent video games on players' and observers' aggressive cognitions and aggressive behaviors. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105005
Zhao, H., Zhou, J., Xu, X., Gong, X., Zheng, J., & Zhou, J. (2020). How to Be Aggressive from Virtual to Reality? Revisited the Violent Video Games Exposure: Aggression Association and the Mediating Mechanisms. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(1), 56-62. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0762
Zahra, S., Ahsan, S., Kiani, S., Shahbaz, K., & Andleeb, S. N. (2020). Internet Gaming, Emotional Intelligence, Psychologi-cal Distress, and Academic Performance Among University Students. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 35(2), 253-270. https://doi:org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.2.14
Zheng, J.-K., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Priming effect of computer game violence on children's aggression levels. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 44(10), 1747-1759. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.10.1747
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Yamil O. Ortiz-Ortiz, Andrea P. Torres-Lebrón, Alex L. Badillo-Cabrera, Samantha G. Velo-Nazario, Manuel González-González
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
