Pandemias, COVID-19 y Salud Mental: ¿Qué Sabemos Actualmente?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v4i2.4907Palabras clave:
pandemia, COVID-19, ansiedad, depresión, salud mental, aislamiento socialResumen
Las pandemias tienen la característica nefasta de crear un disloque masivo y generalizado en múltiples niveles, tanto personales como sociales. Las pandemias suelen relacionarse con confusión, temores, incertidumbre y la probabilidad de muertes en seres queridos. Asimismo, se relacionan con innumerables estresores sociales tales como hacer ajusten en las rutinas, separación de amigos y familiares, pérdida de empleos y aislamiento social. El surgimiento del COVID-19 hacia finales del 2019 ha traído consigo muchos de esos estresores, pero en una escala que no veíamos desde la pandemia del 1918, la cual se calcula que contaminó a casi una tercera parte de la humanidad. En este artículo se presentan datos recientes internacionales, que han examinado cómo el COVID-19 ha impactado la salud mental de innumerables personas. Se desprende de esta revisión que hay datos contundentes de que algunos trastornos psiquiátricos han aumentado notablemente, en especial la ansiedad, depresión, insomnio, y temores generales. Esto se ha encontrado en niños, adolescentes y adultos. La tasa de trastornos mentales es más alta aún en personas contagiadas y en los trabajadores de salud que se enfrentan día a día a tratar personas con COVID-19. Asimismo, se han identificado ciertos factores de riesgo, tales como tener puntuaciones altas en ansiedad rasgo, ser mujer, y haber estado cerca de personas contagiadas. Finalizamos haciendo un acercamiento conceptual y teórico hacia el tema y esbozando un resumen de cómo ayudar a minimizar el trastoque psicosocial de esta pandemia.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Alfonso Martínez-Taboas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
