Psicoterapias Adaptadas Culturalmente: ¿Beneficiosas, Triviales o Dañinas?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v9i1.8825Palabras clave:
psicoterapia, adaptaciones culturales, decolonización, etnicidadResumen
El campo de la evaluación científica de las psicoterapias ha establecido, de una manera convincente, que las psicoterapias son efectivas en minimizar angustias, síntomas y trastornos. Los efectos no son triviales, notándose cambios marcados en conductas, pensamientos, emociones y neuro-circuitos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos estudios provienen de países del Norte Global, entendiéndose Europa y América del Norte. Partiendo de este dato, algunos autores han señalado que los beneficios de las psicoterapias no han sido evaluados en minorías étnicas en los EE.UU. ni tampoco en personas que residen en el Sur Global. El presente artículo va dirigido a indagar si las psicoterapias pueden ser transportadas, sin adaptación alguna, a personas de otras culturas y etnias. Se plantea también la necesidad de realizar adaptaciones culturales para que éstas estén mejor alineadas con los valores, creencias y contextos culturales que no son eurocéntricos. Finalmente, se entra en el debate, propuesto mayormente por personas autoras que endosan la decolonización de la psicología, de si las psicoterapias pudieran ser dañinas y fuente de opresión por parte de terapeutas que están colonizados. Se hace un llamado de cómo podemos acercarnos a este debate con datos y estudios que diluciden si hay o no méritos en continuar adaptando las psicoterapias a personas que residen en el Sur Global.
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